We focus on this under-studied topic, namely the State Planning Organisation (SPO) of Turkey ( Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı), its role in shaping Turkish migration policy as documented in the national development plans (NDPs), and the political and economic context. While Turkey has been a subject of migration research for a long time, particularly in the context of “guest worker” migration (Abadan-Unat, 1976, 2011 Martin, 1991 Penninx, 1982), remittances and their contribution to the national development of Turkey (Içduygu, 2006 Straubhaar, 1986), as well as the transition from a country of emigration to a country of transit and immigration (Düvell, 2020 Kirişci, 2007), the Turkish strategy on migration has received little attention. We want to contribute to filling this gap by focussing on a major sending country of migrants in Turkey. Migration does not only affect their demographic and socio-economic situation, but also their political and national security strategies as well as their international relations (Meyers, 2000). This is surprising, given the significant impact of migration on the development of sending countries. But the focus continues to be on migrant receiving countries rather than sending countries. This picture has changed since the 1990s though, as nation states became increasingly perceived as actors (Lodewyckx et al., 2010 Basch et al., 1994/2015 Thränhardt, 2003).
AKSEL CV MAKER DRIVERS
International migration research has for a long time given little attention to the role of nation states as drivers of international migration, so Massey ( 1999, p. The policy transition towards the promotion of highly skilled immigration goes hand in hand with institutional and legal changes, which we specify. Since the year of 2000, Turkish migration policy turned to the promotion of highly skilled immigration, aiming at the promotion of technological progress towards a knowledge society with the support of intellectual elites. The second period from the 1970s to 2000 is marked by diaspora policies of Turkey relative to Europe, thereby acknowledging the role of the Turkish diaspora in the promotion of Turkish economic development and international relations. The first period of the 1960s is characterized by an explicit support of out-migration to reduce population pressure and on remittances to promote economic growth. The focus is on the Turkish National Development Plans from the 1960s until today and the socio-political and economic context. This paper is on migration and migration policy transition of Turkey.
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